Improving Noise Management Through Community Involvement
Introduction
An effective community involvement program is proactive and demonstrates a commitment to preserving public trust. Community involvement activities can be implemented to encourage community input and minimize the effects of military noise on the community with the support of the installation commander and installation personnel.
Have a Community Involvement Strategy
Noise -related community involvement techniques and strategies best suited to address noise-related issues are integrated with an installation's overall community engagement strategy. Community involvement is not a one-time occurrence; it is an ongoing part of public engagement. The installation's Public Affairs Officer (PAO), Community Planning and Liaison Officers (CPLOs), and/or community involvement staff are strategic partners in noise-related community involvement efforts, helping integrate and coordinate efforts with the installation's overall community engagement and communication efforts. For example, the PAO often shares information through social media, including public notifications of training events, and arranging tours, briefings and meetings with elected officials.
Select an Installation for Examples of Effective Communication and Community Outreach
The links within the map provide more information about examples of effective communication and community outreach. Click on an installation to learn more.
Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, CA
Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) Twentynine Palms strives to engage with community stakeholders early and often to mitigate incompatible development surrounding military installations in San Bernardino County. MCAGCC Twentynine Palms developed an effective Sound Reporting program, where individuals can report excessive or disruptive noises. Individuals and groups experiencing noise impacts can call or email designated mailboxes and will receive a follow-up call from the Range Sustainability Program Manager to discuss their concerns and answer questions. In practice, the Range Sustainability Program Manager will also follow up with the appropriate directorate if a complaint does not align with scheduled training activities. MCAGCC's team also provides routine updates via social media, local radio, newspaper publications, and the installation's website. Participation in community meetings and events provide additional opportunity for the MCAGCC Twentynine Palms to inform and educate the public, as well as learn more about how military training noise affects the community. Targeted informational products that inform why and how military activities create noise are developed based on the most frequent noise issues and concerns unique to the base.
Since 1960, Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Beaufort has served as a home station for military jet aircraft. Air operations have been a routine presence in Beaufort County and the surrounding area since the air station's inception. Pilots using the MCAS Beaufort airfield conduct approaches and landings not practical elsewhere in the region to meet their proficiency and critical training requirements. To address community interest, the air station established a Noise Inquiry Program. MCAS Beaufort officials direct all inquiries and noise complaints to the Community Hotline, and inquiry forms are also available on MCAS Beaufort's website. MCAS Beaufort's staff addresses questions and concerns as quickly as possible and maintains a log of all the inquiries received. If information from these channels indicates something unexpected, staff apply additional scrutiny and further investigate the claim.
Individuals are encouraged to leave the time, date, location, direction of flight, how many aircraft and their description, such as one or two tails, color, jet or propeller, and any other details, and to indicate if they would like a return phone call. MCAS Beaufort also created a comprehensive brochure to educate the public about its operations beyond the Noise inquiry Program, which includes answers to commonly asked questions and operational significance of the air station. These efforts make information readily available to MCAS Beaufort's stakeholders and establishes two-way communication between parties interested in learning more about the air station's activities.
Fort Benning, GA fires more ammunition than any other Army installation in the country and frequently conducts prescribed burns in order to manage training lands and prevent wildfires that have the potential to impact nearby communities. To keep nearby communities informed of these training activities and events, Fort Benning maintains a website where public notices are posted along with a calendar of training/prescribed burn events and an interactive map of the ranges at Fort Benning. Community members can access the event calendar and know exactly what activities are taking place on a particular day, where those activities are taking place, and what types of ammunition or weapons are being fired on range. Using the interactive map, community members can locate the area where training events are occurring and see videos of the activities, along with a description.
Hill Air Force Base Shares Noise FAQs with the Utah Community
Operations flying out of Hill Air Force Base (AFB) number approximately 45,000 operations annually, with many aircraft flying to the nearby Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR), which includes 12,574 square nautical miles of airspace and 2.3 million acres of Department of Defense-owned (DoD) training and testing land supporting the DoD mission. Noise from mission activities can have an impact on the estimated 1.14 million people living in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. To help nearby community members better understand the noise impacts they are experiencing, Hill AFB has developed a Noise FAQ document that explains why residents hear noise on or around Hill AFB or the UTTR, to include examples of the missions going on at the sites, and how the installation minimizes its noise impact on the community.
MCB Camp Lejeune strives to keep neighbors informed about on-base training activities by releasing a weekly noise report every Friday listing any potential noise generating events on the base's public website. Staff monitor and collect data on short-duration noise events to ensure live fire operations do not repeatedly exceed recommended peak decibel levels. Additionally, MCB Camp Lejeune maintains a dedicated noise hotline where individuals can address all concerns regarding noise, vibration, excessive dust, low-flying aircraft, and/or maneuver damage. The base also responds and engages with noise-related feedback received on social media platforms and in the local media, including letters to the editor, editorials, and blogs. Social media has allowed MCB Camp Lejeune to directly respond to comments and reach large groups within the community. MCB Camp Lejeune has received positive feedback from the community when updates are posted about large-scale exercise and training that may generate significant amounts of noise, especially during the spring and summer months when limited night training is conducted during established quiet hours.
Hammocks Beach State Park is located roughly 30 miles away from Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in Swansboro, North Carolina. To avoid interfering with park visitors' ability to enjoy their surroundings, the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ) asked the Maine Corps to establish measures for eliminating overflights and addressing the noise signature from the base. After capturing community comments from the base's Range Operations Environmental Assessment and North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation officials, the Marine Corps worked with NCDEQ to develop an engaging poster to be placed at the dock and the Bear Island Pavilion within Hammocks Beach State Park. This poster is intended to educate park visitors about the different aircraft and heavy weapons systems they may hear when attending Hammocks Beach State Park. Involving NCDEQ in the poster's creation allowed the Marine Corps to strengthen its relationship with the surrounding community through a low-cost solution.
NAS Meridian partnered with Lauderdale County to post signs near areas exposed to higher levels of aircraft noise from nearby military training activity. The CPLO worked with the County to determine where to post the signs, using the AICUZ noise contour map. The signs have helped inform new home buyers, lessees, and realtors of areas exposed to higher levels of long-term aircraft noise exposure . While new home buyers may not be aware the airfield or the AICUZ maps, the signs are hard to miss.
Atlantic Test Ranges, Naval Air Station Patuxent River, MD
The Atlantic Test Ranges Sustainability Office (SO), maintains a Noise Disturbance Response System (NDRS) to formally handle and respond to noise or aircraft disturbance reports. The NDRS process ensures noise disturbance reports are received via a central Hotline number, investigated, responded to and recorded in a database. The SO also presents an annual aircrew awareness briefing to pilots assigned to the Naval Test Wing Atlantic (NTWL). This brief promotes internal awareness of the process that SO uses to respond to noise complaints and provides an overview of community concerns related to noise from aircraft operations.
Fort Riley, KS
The Fort Riley's Noise and Training Advisory webpage is an effective way to provide advanced notification when noise and vibration may occur, in a method that's easily accessible to Army and civilian communities on-and off-post. The Training Advisory page takes public notification one step further, posting daily training schedules approximately one-week ahead for an upcoming two-week period. The page lists the date of the training activity and whether the training is expected to yield significant amounts of noise. If so, a time for the training activity (beginning to end) is then listed. The Fort Riley Community Relations Office contact information is easily accessible on the webpage and provides a way to address concerns regarding noise, vibration, excessive dust, low-flying aircraft, and/or maneuver damage.
Air Force Research Lab Acoustics Research Complex, White Sands Missile Range, NM
Hosted on the Army's White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, the Air Force Research Lab's Acoustic Research Complex is the first of its kind within the Department of Defense and the research community as a whole. It is used to help with the design and modification of current and future aircraft. The facility collects acoustic data from operating aircraft via microphone stations near the ground and on acoustically instrumented tall towers. The facility provides a capability not available anywhere else within the Department of Defense and the private sector. Testing at the Acoustics Research Complex allows for the real-world validation of existing acoustic models, to include those currently used to assess noise exposure to residents living adjacent to military airfields.
The foundation of effective community involvement and communication is an understanding of the people and the issues. In noise management, stakeholders are those specifically concerned with noise issues. Stakeholders will likely include local government representatives (elected officials as well as staff) and community representatives (residents from communities adjacent to the installation, civic leagues, and business interests). On the installation, the PAO and CPLOs coordinate with various installation staff, range managers, and airfield operators to address noise complaints and issue press releases in advance of loud training events.
On-installation communities are also included in the stakeholder group. On-installation communities often provide input concerning the noise management program and have opportunities and outlets to express concerns related to the effects of training on their quality of life. On-base housing, schools, and daycare facilities can be impacted by military noise. Military installations strive to understand their neighboring communities, including military personnel and dependents who may live on base.
Integrating Community Involvement Activities Into Your Installation's Day-to-Day Business
Continuous and effective communication and coordination with the local community can sustain a positive relationship between the installation and its neighbors. Community noise management programs, community involvement activities, and complaint management systems are integrated into installation plans (e.g., training, land management, and master planning) that support installation operations. Noise is considered in all installation planning activities, such as the siting of new facilities and ranges. For the military, participation in regional planning meetings or establishing local installation-and-town advisory groups keeps the communication lines open. Many installations also have noise complaint hotlines and locations on the installation website where the community can report noise issues and concerns.
Informal opportunities to interact with the public are also beneficial. Frequent dissemination of noise-related information helps to maintain or improve relations with the public. The military sometimes uses advance notification of significant noise events to the public. Experience shows warning of activities that might cause annoyance seems to lessen, rather than increase annoyance.
A process using computer software to emulate an existing or future state of the sound environment or soundscape; a typical noise model displays noise contours so that levels of equal decibels are connected by lines.
Air Installation Compatible Use Zones Program (AICUZ)
A DoD Program that promotes long-term compatible land use on and in the vicinity of air installations by encouraging State and local governments to adopt enabling legislation and compatible land use regulations into their land use planning and control processes and by partnering with communities and other eligible entities to protect land through restrictive use and conservation easements.
Ambient Noise
The total of all noise in the environment, other than the noise from the source of interest. Also known as background noise.
Annoyance
An emotional and attitudinal reaction from a person exposed to noise used as primary indicator of community response. Annoyance attempts to account for all negative aspects of effects from noise, e.g., increased annoyance due to being awakened the previous night by aircraft, and interference with everyday conversation.
A-Weighted Decibels (dBA)
Sound level in decibels that closely corresponds with the human ears sensitivity to medium range frequencies by de-emphasizing low and high frequencies. This weighting helps quantify a noise with a wide range of frequencies into a single number representing the sound pressure level. A-weighting is appropriate for transportation noises such as aircraft overflight and vehicle traffic noise. See also "C-weighted Sound Level." (See ANSI S1.1 for scientifically agreed upon definition.)
B
C
C-Weighted Decibels (dBC)
Sound level in decibels where weighting is applied to intense low-frequency noise that can cause vibrations. C-weighting does not apply adjustments to noise signals over most of the audible frequencies, but does apply small adjustments to the very low and very high frequencies. C-weighting is appropriate for impulsive sounds, such as sonic booms and the deployment of large caliber weapons. When experienced indoors, impulsive sounds can create secondary noise from rattling and vibrations of the building (see also CSEL and CDNL). (See ANSI S1.1 for scientifically agreed upon definition.)
Compatibility Guidelines
Recommendations for land use compatibility within Noise Zone areas on and surrounding military installations, ranges, and airfields based on the specific type of land use and a range of sound exposure levels. Land use guideline recommendations vary based on the type of noise source (i.e. aircraft, traffic, weapons and explosives).
Community Involvement Program
A carefully designed program that uses a variety of techniques, and that, in addition to informing the public of possible decisions and their potential consequences, provides opportunities for consultation with the public, and considers the public's views before making decisions and taking actions.
Community Planning and Liaison Officers
An individual representing a military installation or range that serves as a bridge between the installation and the community, local governments, and private stakeholders with regards to compatibility of development projects. The CPLO represents the installation commanding officer by meeting with elected officials, regional and community planners, zoning and code enforcement staffs, school board members, utility district managers, local Chamber of Commerce directors and staff, and non-profits groups including environmental, conservation, and natural resources organizations. The CPLO manages installation encroachment management programs which include Air Installations Compatible Use Zones (AICUZ) and the Range Air Installations Compatible Use Zones (RAICUZ) programs.
Complaint Management Systems
A program designed to input, track, and respond to noise complaints which typically include toll-free complaint hotlines, a complaint webpage, and mechanisms for follow-up and investigation of complaints. A well-organized noise complaint management program at an installation can affect negative attitudes towards the offending noise as well as try to reduce the noise exposure.
D
Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL)
A 24-hour average sound level for a given day after the addition of a 10 dB weighting is added to account for the increased sensitivity of people to noise from such things as aircraft operations, for sound levels that occur between the hours of 10 p.m. to 7 a.m., because ambient sound levels at night are typically lower than during the daytime hours. (See ANSI S1.1 for scientifically agreed upon definition.)
Decibel (dB)
A logarithmic unit of measure used to describe the intensity or loudness of sound.
E
Encroachment
Incompatible land uses and habitat loss near and adjacent to installations, ranges, and operating areas which threaten the military's ability to provide the most realistic training.
F
Frequency
Number of complete oscillation cycles per unit of time. The unit of audio frequency is the Hertz (Hz), which represents one cycle per second.
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H
I
Inert Ammunition
Ammunition used for military training and weapons function testing which contains no explosive charge.
Impulsive Sound
Noise of short duration (typically less than one second), especially of high intensity, abrupt onset and rapid decay, and often rapidly changing spectral composition. Impulse noise is characteristically associated with sources such as explosions, target impacts, the discharge of firearms, sonic booms, and many industrial processes.
J
Joint Land Use Study
A cooperative planning effort conducted as a joint venture between an active military installation, surrounding jurisdictions, state and federal agencies, and other affected stakeholders to address all compatibility around military installations.
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L
Land Use Compatibility
Ensures land-uses on and off an installation are compatible with the current or anticipated military noise environment. In some cases, the annual sound exposure level may be too high to support noise-sensitive land uses such as schools, daycare centers, or residential development. Thus, compatible land uses such industrial, commercial, or agricultural are encouraged. DoD works closely with states, counties, and communities in cooperative land use planning efforts to ensure land use compatibility and limit noise exposure.
M
Metrics
Industry standard units of measure and methods of describing noise that ensure all federal, state, and local agencies as well as industry have a standard approach to describing and addressing noise.
Military Noise
Unwanted sound generated from the operation of military vehicles, weapons or weapons systems (e.g., aircraft, small arms, tank guns, artillery, missiles, bombs, rockets, mortars, and explosives).
Military Training Routes (MTRs)
Corridors of defined airspace used by military aircraft to maintain proficiency in tactical flying.
N
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
A federal law that requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions. The range of actions covered by NEPA is broad and includes making decisions on permit applications, adopting federal land management actions, and constructing facilities. Using the NEPA process, agencies evaluate the environmental and related social and economic effects of their proposed actions. Agencies also provide opportunities for public review and comment on those evaluations.
Noise
Noise is any unwanted sound. The issue of noise is very subjective, and is typically influenced by an individual's experiences and sensitivity. Both terms, noise and sound, are used in this instruction, depending on the context of the discussion.
Noise Exposure
The cumulative acoustic stimulation reaching the ear of a receiver, over a specified period of time (e.g., a work shift, a day, or a lifetime).
Noise Level Reduction (NLR)
The difference, measured in decibels, between the A-weighted sound level outside a building and the A-weighted sound level inside a designated room in the building. The NLR is dependent upon the transmission loss characteristics of the building surfaces that are exposed to an exterior noise source, the particular noise characteristics of the exterior noise source, and the acoustic properties of the designated room in the building.
Noise Mitigation
These are measures that can be taken to reduce or avoid noise exposure. For example, mitigating the effects of aircraft noise on sensitive land uses such as schools, residential areas, and churches can take many forms, including modification to time of day or frequency of use, flight path parameters (location, altitude, etc.), or changes to the listener's environment (building insulation).
Noise Study
A comprehensive analysis of noise associated with specific or multiple military activities at a given installation, range, or airfield.
O
P
Peak Sound Level
Peak is a single-event (instantaneous) sound pressure level without weighting.
Q
R
Range Air Installations Compatible Use Zones (RAICUZ)
A Navy-specific compatible land use program similar to the DoD AICUZ program that includes air-to-ground ranges and airspace in the vicinity of naval range installations, in addition to air installations.
Range Compatible Use Zones (RCUZ)
A Marine Corps-specific program designed to protect the public health, safety, and welfare, and to prevent encroachment from degrading the operational capabilities of Marine Corps Range and Training Areas (RTAs), to encompass air-to-ground, ground-to-ground, and laser ranges. Like AICUZ and RAICUZ, the RCUZ provides compatible land use recommendations for noise contours and range compatibility zones (RCZs).
S
Single Event Sound
Sounds from single events such as the passby of a truck, the flyby of an airplane, or an explosion are all examples of single-event sounds.
Sound Propagation
The process by which sound travels through space or material; may be affected by such things as weather, terrain, and barriers.
Sound Receiver
The individual, community, animal, or object being exposed to a given sound
Sound Source
The origin of a sound or sound producing activity
Supplemental Metrics
Supplemental metrics and tools are additional units of measure and methods of describing noise that can be used to better communicate noise exposure and address the specific concerns to stakeholders.
T
Tactics
Military activities or skills, based on specific warfighting goals or strategies, that involve the organized movement of equipment, personnel, or vehicles as conducted in the field of battle.
Terrain
The physical features of a stretch of land or geographic area, including but not limited to elevation, slope, and geology. Terrain or topographic features can influence sound propagation chararteristics.